Whaaa?

You can have a sepremely individual ‘take’ on Psychology?

The Psychology you need or want for the future?

A career path with hundreds of different routes?

or is it more personal than that?

Do you need a ‘passion’ in Psychology?

We (staff) talk about this sometimes.

Is it critical that you find a topic of interest to you?

Does it help? Does it hinder?

Is it possible to be a Psychologist without a personal stake?

Around us a crisis is unfolding

Psychology is grossly misunderstood

Next week

The Replication Crisis and our ongoing response - Open Science

The practice of Psychology we encourage in you!

Research & me-search

(altenmuller2021?)

Reflexivity

Reflexivity and the psychologist

Reflexivity generally refers to the examination of one’s own beliefs, judgments and practices during the research process and how these may have influenced the research.

An integral part of the Qualitative ‘tradition’

(morawski2005?)

Inclusive Research

Inclusive research is a term that was coined in the early twenty-first century to embrace participatory and emancipatory approaches to research with people with learning/intellectual disabilities (Walmsley, 2001)

Inclusive research embraces participatory and emancipatory approaches to research.

Its characteristics are that it:
· Is owned (not necessarily initiated) by lay people
· Furthers the interests of lay people, researchers are on their side
· Is collaborative
· Enables lay people to exercise control over process and outcomes
· Produces outputs that are accessible.

context

Research situated within the wider rights movement.

“Nothing about us without us” (Aspis, 2000).

a slogan of the disabled people’s movement, has been applied to research as well as other areas.

“exclusivity not only touches but also contorts and diminishes all aspects of psychological science” (Ledgerwood et al., 2022, p.2).

(ledgerwood2022?)

OSF (Open Science Foundation)

OSF | When Research is Mesearch: How Researchers’ Motivation to Pursue a Topic Affects Laypeople’s Trust in Science https://osf.io/phfq3/

Open Data and Open Materials

Open Data

Open Materials

Psyarxiv

(conry-murray2022?)

Lab activities

Keep working!

Formalise your individual design

More specific

This is my design

Notation

We use a notation system to refer to these designs:

2x2 = Two-way ANOVA. There are two IVS, the first IV has two levels, the second IV has 2 levels. There are a total of 4 conditions, 2x2 = 4.

2x3 = Two-way ANOVA. There are two IVs, the first IV has two levels, the second IV has three levels. There are a total of 6 conditions, 2x3 = 6

4x4 = Two-way ANOVA. There are two IVs, the first IV has 4 levels, the second IV has 4 levels. There are a total of 16 conditions, 4x4=16

2x3x2 = Three-way ANOVA.There are a total of three IVs. The first IV has 2 levels. The second IV has 3 levels. The third IV has 2 levels. There are a total of 12 conditions. 2x3x2 = 12.

Review

Crump, M. J. C., Navarro, D. J., & Suzuki, J. (2019, June 5). Answering Questions with Data (Textbook): Introductory Statistics for Psychology Students. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/JZE52

CC BY SA 4.0

https://crumplab.com/statistics/07-ANOVA.html

https://crumplab.com/statistics/10-MixedANOVA.html#x2-designs

3 ‘flavours’ of 2x2 ANOVA

2bx2b - Between-subjects/Factorial ANOVA

2wx2w - Within-subject/Repeated Measures ANOVA

2bx2w or 2wx2b - Mixed ANOVA

You will be using one of these (all supported by SPSS Exercises 1 & 2)

JAMOVI is a reasonable alternative to SPSS (R is even better - much more value as a skill)

The 3 effects possible in a 2x2 ANOVA

Main effect of IV1

Main effect of IV2

Interaction of IV1*IV2

therefore 8 possible ‘outcomes’ of a 2x2 ANOVA

• no IV1 main effect, no IV2 main effect, no interaction
• IV1 main effect, no IV2 main effect, no interaction
• IV1 main effect, no IV2 main effect, interaction
• IV1 main effect, IV2 main effect, no interaction
• IV1 main effect, IV2 main effect, interaction
• no IV1 main effect, IV2 main effect, no interaction
• no IV1 main effect, IV2 main effect, interaction
• no IV1 main effect, no IV2 main effect, interaction

graph key

• 1 = there was a main effect for IV1.
• ~1 = there was not a main effect for IV1
• 2 = there was a main effect for IV2
• ~2 = there was not a main effect of IV2
• 1x2 = there was an interaction
• ~1x2 = there was not an interaction

Bar charts

Line plots